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Lady Jane Grey

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Lady Jane Grey

Lady Jane Grey was the cousin of Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII. She briefly ruled as Queen of England for nine days after the death of Edward VI.

Lady Jane Grey was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII, and the daughter of Mary Tudor, Henry VIII‘s younger sister. Henry VIII’s son Edward VI wrote in his will that Lady Jane Grey should become Queen of England after his death. He did this because Lady Jane Grey was a Protestant, like Edward and his father, whereas Edward’s half-sister Mary was a Catholic.

Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen on the 10th of July 1553 after the death of Edward VI. Although she initially had the support of the Privy Council of England, many of her supporters abandoned her when support for Mary began to grow. On the 19th July 1553, the Privy Council deposed Jane and declared Mary to be Queen instead. This has led Lady Jane Grey to be called the ‘Nine Day Queen‘.

Why was Lady Jane Grey named as Edward VI’s successor?

Edward VI was a Protestant, as he and his father Henry VIII had founded the Church of England following England’s split from the Catholic church during Henry’s reign. Edward wanted to ensure that England remained Protestant and did not go back to Catholicism, as he himself had been raised as a Protestant.

Edward knew that his half-sister Mary, who was herself a Catholic, would turn England Catholic again. Edward decided to choose a successor who he knew to be Protestant, and Lady Jane Grey seemed to be a prime candidate. Edward did not want Mary to reverse the work that he and his father had done, so he supported Lady Jane Grey as his successor and even changed his wills to ensure that she would be Queen.

The then-Duke of Northumberland John Dudley, is said to have been a key player in Jane’s brief reign, as he was a close ally of Edward VI and would have benefitted greatly from having his daughter-in-law on the throne. Many people at the time thought that Dudley wanted power for himself, and this is still debated by modern historians today.

Why did Mary depose Lady Jane Grey?

After the death of her half-brother Edward, Mary travelled to East Anglia and began building an army, demanding that she be reinstated as Queen. After the Privy Council of England changes sides to support Mary instead of Jane, the Duke of Northumberland conceded defeat, and Mary was declared the new Queen. Although both sides had armies, there was no battle, as many people now supported Mary.

The reason why Mary deposed Lady Jane Grey is that, as the eldest daughter of Henry VIII, Mary believed that she was the rightful Queen of England. Due to England’s break from the Catholic faith, there was a crisis over the succession of the next monarch, and Henry’s daughters Mary and Elizabeth were briefly removed from the lineage. However, they later had their status as heirs to the throne restored.

What happened to Lady Jane Grey?

After she was deposed, Lady Jane Grey and many of her supporters were put on trial for treason, and sentenced to death. However, Mary initially wanted to spare Lady Jane Grey, but her father later joined a rebellion against the Queen which changed Mary’s mind.

Lady Jane Grey was executed on the 12th of February 1554, after refusing to renounce her Protestant faith. During the reign of Queen Mary, many Protestants came to see Lady Jane Grey as a martyr, and she has since been the subject of many romantic poems, stories, operas, paintings, novels and films.

Lady Jane Grey facts

  • Lady Jane Grey was just 16 years old at the time of her death.
  • Lady Jane Grey is remembered as the monarch with the shortest reign, at just nine days.
  • Lady Jane Grey’s husband, Lord Guildford Dudley, was executed on the same day as she was.
  • Lady Jane Grey was said to be very intelligent, and she was fluent in French and Italian.
  • Lady Jane Grey’s father, the Duke of Suffolk, was executed just 11 days after her death.

Extracted from twinkl.fr 

Thème 2 : Welcome to the Tudor’s dynasty

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  • Henry VII
    • Henry was born on : 28 January 1457

Henry’s father Edmund Tudor died on :  November 3rd 1456

Coronation as Henry VII on : 30 October 1485

Marries Elizabeth of York on : 18 January 1486

His son, Arthur was born on : 20 September 1486

His second son, Henry was born on : | 28 June 1491

Arthur died on : 2 April 1502

His wife, Elizabeth died on : 11 February 1503

Henry VII died on : 21 April 1509

    • Henry was born in 1457 to Edmund Tudor and Margaret Beaufort. He was coronated in Westminster Abbey in October 1485. Henry also married Elizabeth of York in 1486, and in doing so he unified the two houses that had previously been at war.The Tudor emblem was thereore a rose with both red and white petals, illustrating the fusion of the white rose of York with the red rose of Lancaster.After decades of war, Henry VII wanted to maintain peace while he reigned, in order to ensure economic growth within his kingdom. He drew up alliances with Brittany, France and Spain at different points throughout his reign. Henry also encouraged the Pope, Julius II, to try to establish peace between the various Christian realms.Despite having almost no experience in finances when he came to the throne, Henry VII was able to save the country from near-bankruptcy, though he did so by extracting wealth from his subjects.Henry VII had five sons, including Arthur Tudor and Henry Tudor. As the elder son, Arthur Tudor was the heir to the throne, but he died of a disease in his youth and left Henry as the heir. Not long after the death of his son, Henry VII’s wife also died, and her death took a heavy toll (laisser des traces, des séquelles) on Henry as he was very loyal to her.Henry VII died in 1509. His son became king and was crowned Henry VIII later that same year. Although he was criticized for his taxation laws, he was remembered as a King who look outward and took lessons from other rulers at the time to better manage his own kingdom.

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  • The Battle of Bosworth

The Battle of Bosworth represents the end of the Plantagenet era. This battle put an end to decades of rivalry between the Lancaster and York family.

Richard III was the leader of the York family while Henry was the only Lancastrian heir. Richard was known for his military leadership and skill, having fought in many decisive battles during the Battle of the Roses. Henry, on the other hand was relatively inexperienced since he lived in exile for most of his life. The Battle of Bosworth  is considered the first military battle of Henry Tudor’s career.

During this battle, Richard III had around 15,000 men at his side, while Henry had three times fewer, around 5,000 men.

Finally, Richard III died in battle and he was the last English king to do so.

  • The war of the Roses

Once the war with France (the Hundred Year’s War) ended in 1453, a series of civil wars began in England and lasted until 1485. These were fought between rival branches of the Plantagenets, the House of York (whose symbol was a white rose) and the House of Lancaster (whose symbol was a red rose). Henry VI was from the Lancastrian branch. He was a weak ruler who suffered fits of madness. When he died, his successor was Edward IV, from the York branch. His son, Edward V who was only 12 when his father died succeeded him. Since he was too young to rule, his uncle Richard III became his Lord Protector and eventually locked his nephew in the Tower of London to get the throne.